消化
2022年美國(guó)胃腸病學(xué)會(huì)年會(huì)上的13個(gè)亮點(diǎn)研究,快來一睹為快!
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2022年美國(guó)胃腸病學(xué)會(huì)年會(huì)暨研究生會(huì)議(ACG 2022)于2022年10月21日~26日在美國(guó)北卡羅來納州夏洛特舉行,本文對(duì)ACG 2022上的13個(gè)亮點(diǎn)研究進(jìn)行了匯總。
烏帕替尼治療
烏帕替尼(Upadacitinib)是一種Janus激酶(Janus-activated kinase,JAK)抑制劑,在美國(guó)獲批用于治療
研究者對(duì)烏帕替尼在潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(Ulcerative Colitis,UC)患者中的使用情況進(jìn)行了事后分析:受試者隨機(jī)接受安慰劑、15 mg 烏帕替尼或30 mg烏帕替尼治療,隨訪52周。結(jié)果顯示, 30 mg劑量為患者帶來了顯著的改善,與 15 mg 劑量相比,臨床緩解延長(zhǎng)約1個(gè)月[1]。
用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)治療消化不良
一項(xiàng)研究[2]觀察了使用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)(Virtual Reality,VR)治療
這是一項(xiàng)雙盲、隨機(jī)、對(duì)照研究,結(jié)果顯示,使用VR耳機(jī)與三種不同的程序治療,受試者的消化不良癥狀與生活質(zhì)量結(jié)果相關(guān)評(píng)分得到了顯著改善。認(rèn)知行為療法將在功能性疾病的診療中出現(xiàn)得越來越多,我們可以保持期待。
高質(zhì)量指數(shù)結(jié)腸鏡檢查的優(yōu)勢(shì)
一項(xiàng)研究[3]旨在觀察高質(zhì)量指標(biāo)結(jié)腸鏡檢查(High-Quality Index Colonoscopies)在10年時(shí)預(yù)測(cè)無腺瘤或鋸齒狀息肉患者晚期結(jié)局風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低的情況。
研究者調(diào)查了新罕布什爾州結(jié)腸鏡檢查登記處的14257名患者,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),高質(zhì)量檢查的晚期結(jié)局絕對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為4%——這意味著腺瘤檢出率為25%或更高——而如果進(jìn)行低質(zhì)量檢查,則為6.7%。
早發(fā)性
克利夫蘭醫(yī)學(xué)中心的研究人員對(duì)早發(fā)性結(jié)腸癌進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的研究。在此期間,他們注意到每5例年輕發(fā)病的結(jié)腸癌患者中就有1例有致病性生殖系變異(不論家族史如何)[4]。然而,克利夫蘭診所只有不到三分之二的患者被轉(zhuǎn)診進(jìn)行遺傳咨詢和檢測(cè),這使得他們意識(shí)目前工作的不足之處。
對(duì)于早發(fā)性
關(guān)于新獲批的嗜酸性食管炎療法的兩項(xiàng)研究
目前,
兩項(xiàng)研究[5,6]公布了度普利尤單抗治療EoE 24周和52周數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果顯示度普利尤單抗每周一次給藥,治療有效且持續(xù)。
值得注意的是,這些都是質(zhì)子泵抑制劑(proton pump inhibitors,PPI)治療無應(yīng)答者,大多數(shù)還接受了各種其他治療(包括類固醇)?;颊咄ǔ;加懈鼑?yán)重的疾病。這種新藥是否需要用于輕度疾病仍有待觀察。
非糜爛性
這是一項(xiàng)擴(kuò)展的 II 期、雙盲試驗(yàn)[7],旨在觀察接受伏諾拉生每日一次治療非糜爛性胃食管反流?。╪onerosive reflux disease,NERD)患者的療效。受試者隨機(jī)接受安慰劑或伏諾拉生10 mg、20 mg、40 mg 治療,按需給藥?;颊咴跓陌Y狀發(fā)生后24小時(shí)內(nèi)不能服用超過一劑的研究藥物,并且在服用研究藥物后3小時(shí)內(nèi)不能服用補(bǔ)救抗酸劑。
研究者表明,當(dāng)患者轉(zhuǎn)換為僅按需使用伏諾拉生時(shí),具有顯著效應(yīng),在達(dá)到完全和持續(xù)緩解的主要終點(diǎn)方面,伏諾拉生高度有效。約70%接受伏諾拉生 40 mg 劑量治療的患者在3小時(shí)內(nèi)快速起效。
瑞莎珠單抗治療
在一項(xiàng)
分析
一項(xiàng)研究[9]披露了妊娠炎癥性腸病和新生兒結(jié)局 (Pregnancy Inflammatory bowel disease And Neonatal Outcomes ,PIANO) 登記研究的新數(shù)據(jù)。
結(jié)果顯示,與抗腫瘤壞死因子α(anti–tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)藥物、硫嘌呤類藥物、或這些藥物的組合相比,維得利珠單抗(Vedolizumab)和烏司奴單抗(Ustekinumab)治療炎癥性腸病,妊娠或嬰兒相關(guān)并發(fā)癥未增加。有趣的是,烏司奴單抗還與較低的
對(duì)
來自芝加哥大學(xué)學(xué)者的一項(xiàng)研究[10]顯示,利妥昔單抗(Rituximab)治療可能會(huì)引起胃腸道副作用。
研究者在13年期間以回顧性方式進(jìn)行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)了10例腸病患者。這些患者大多是
艱難梭菌感染的兩種新療法
第1個(gè)是 RBX2660 的開放標(biāo)簽研究[11],這是一種通過灌腸給藥的基于微生物的實(shí)驗(yàn)性生物療法。治療成功定義為治療后8周內(nèi)無復(fù)發(fā),約75%的患者治療成功。對(duì)有反應(yīng)的患者隨訪6個(gè)月,84%保持無艱難梭菌復(fù)發(fā)。
第2個(gè)是ECOSPOR IV研究[12],這是一項(xiàng)雙盲、安慰劑對(duì)照試驗(yàn),觀察SER-109(一種由急性孢子制成的口服療法)治療艱難梭菌感染的療效。每日3次,每次4粒膠囊給藥,持續(xù)3天?;颊呓邮芤黄繖幟仕徭V誘導(dǎo)治療。該治療顯示出相似類型的有效性,79%的患者在24周時(shí)無艱難梭菌復(fù)發(fā)。
膽汁酸螯合劑治療顯微鏡下結(jié)腸炎的療效
一項(xiàng)研究[13]納入了282例顯微鏡下結(jié)腸炎(microscopic colitis,MC)患者,給予他們膽汁酸螯合劑治療。在此之前,幾乎所有患者均接受過其他藥物治療,包括洛哌丁胺、布地奈德、次
結(jié)果顯示,大多數(shù)患者病情都得到了顯著改善,近50%的患者完全緩解,16%的患者部分緩解,25%的患者無緩解。在完全緩解或部分緩解的患者中,三分之一仍在使用伴隨藥物,但大多數(shù)患者的情況都有所改善。
參考文獻(xiàn):
1.Feagan BG, Parkes G, Juillerat P, et al. Benefits of high versus low dose upadacitinib as maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis patients who were responders to 8-week induction with upadacitinib: results from the U-ACHIEVE phase 3 maintenance trial. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 1.
2.Cangemi D, Montenegro M, Spiegel B, Lacy BE. Virtual reality improves symptoms of functional dyspepsia: results of a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 3.
3.Anderson JC, Hisey W, Mackenzie T, Robinson C, Butterly LF. High quality index colonoscopies decrease the risk for advanced outcomes at 10-year follow-up colonoscopy in low-risk patients with no index adenomas or serrated polyps. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 7.
4.Syed H, Sommovilla J, McGee S, Heald B, Macaron C, Burke CA, Liska D. An Appraisal of the referral, uptake and outcomes of genetic counseling and testing in patients with young onset colorectal cancer. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 8.
5.Dellon E, Rothenberg M, Bredenoord A, et al. Dupilumab improves clinical, symptomatic, histologic, and endoscopic aspects of EoE up to 24 weeks: pooled results from parts A and B of phase 3 LIBERTY-EoE-TREET. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 11.
6.Dellon E, Rothenberg M, Collins MH, et al. Dupilumab efficacy and safety up to 52 weeks in adult and adolescent patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: results from parts B and C of the randomized, placebo-controlled, three-part, phase 3 LIBERTY EoE TREET study (late-breaking abstract). Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 52.
7.Fass R, Vaezi MF, Sharma P, et al. Efficacy and safety of on-demand vonoprazan versus placebo in the treatment of heart
8.D'Haens G, Panaccione R, Panés J, et al. 52-Week risankizumab subcutaneous maintenance dosing is efficacious and well tolerated in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease who had delayed response to 12-weeks IV risankizumab induction. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 38.
9.Chugh R, Long M, Weaver K, Beaulieu D, Scherl EJ, Mahadevan U. Maternal and neonatal outcomes in vedolizumab and ustekinumab exposed pregnancies: results from the PIANO Registry. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 43.
10.Hakimian D, Micic D, Alpert L, Semrad C. Common variable immunodeficiency-like enteropathy associated with rituximab B-cell depletion therapy. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 51.
11.Khanna S, Dubberke ER, Knapple WL, et al. An interim analysis of a phase 3, open-label study indicates efficacy and safety of RBX2660 in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 56.
12.Khanna S, Feuerstadt P, Huang E, et al. An open-label study (ECOSPOR IV) to evaluate the safety, efficacy and durability of SER-109, an investigational oral microbiome therapeutic, in adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 63.
13.Tome J, Sehgal K, Kamboj AK, Harmsen W, Khanna S, Pardi DS. Bile acid sequestrants in microscopic colitis: clinical outcomes and utility of bile acid testing. Program and abstracts of the American College of Gastroenterology 2022 Congress; October 21-26, 2022; Charlotte, North Carolina. Abstract 58.
參考資料:
David A. Johnson.13 Highlights From the American College of Gastroenterology's 2022 Meeting - Medscape - Nov 01, 2022.
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